Kinds Of Sentence

2^nd Meeting :

Part Of Sentence

Kinds of sentences :

1. Simple sentences

2. Compound Sentence

3. Complex Sentence

4. Compound-Complex Sentence

1. Simple Sentence

Simple sentence is word structure which has at least one subject and one verb.

In a sentence, noun used as subject and object

e.g

I'm studying English

·        >>  I as subject

·        >>  English as object

2. Compound Sentence

Compound sentence refers to a sentence made up of two independent clauses (or complete sentence) connected to one another with a coordinating conjunction. Coordinating conjunction are easy to remember if you think of the words "FAN BOYS" (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)

e.g

• Joe waited for the train but the train was late
• She can speak nor pronouns English well
• I slept at twelve so I come late to campus today 

3. Complex Sentence

Complex sentence is made up of an independent clause (main clause) and one or more dependent clauses (sub clause) connected to subordinating conjunction.

Subordinating conjunction for complex sentence is after, although, as, because, before, even though, if, since, though, unless, until, when, whenever, whereas, where, ever, and while.

e.g

I'm sitting here alone before he comes                        //or

Before he comes, I'm sitting here alone

Ongen goes on laughing because the performance is embarrassing

Every student accused of being absent because it was the first studying

4. Compound-Complex Sentence

Compound-complex sentence is combination of compound and complex sentence. It made up of three or more clauses which two independent clauses and 1 dependent clause.

e.g

I would have bought a bag that you like, but it was too expensive.

3^rd Meeting :

Elliptical Structure

Elliptical structure used to omit some word that cut the sentence without changes the meaning of that sentence. The characteristic of elliptical structure is :

1.       Positive Sentence

Formula :

      Statement 1 and + so auxiliary verb + subject

      Statement 1 and subject + auxiliary verb + too

Example for nominal sentence :

·         Piere is my classmate

·         Dhea is my classmate

In elliptical structure they can be combined as

·         Piere is my classmate and so is Dhea

·         Piere is my classmate and Dhea is too

Example for simple present :

·         She advises me

·         They advise me

>> 

·         She advises me and so do they

·         She advises me and they do too

Example for simple past :

·         She went to Surabaya yesterday

·         We went to Surabaya yesterday

>>

·         She went to Surabaya and so did we yesterday

·         She went to Surabaya and she did too yesterday

Example for modal :

·         My sweetheart can speak English well

·         I can speak English well

>> 

·         My sweetheart can speak English well and so can I

·         My sweetheart can speak English well and I can too

2.       Negative Statement

Formula :

      And neither + auxiliary verb + subject

      And subject + auxiliary verb + not + either

e.g

·         Piere is my classmate and neither is Dea

·         Piere isn’t my classmate and Dea isn’t either

·         We didn’t go to Surabaya and neither did she yesterday

3.       Contrast Statement

e.g

I went to the beach last week

You didn’t go to the beach last week

>> I went to the beach last week but you didn’t

4.       Compound Verb

Compound verb used to combine two clauses which has different verb or noun.

Formula :

Both …… and

e.g

Ongen is handsome                        have different noun

Carlos is handsome

>> 

Both Ongen and Carlos are handsome

Can she speak English ?

Can you speak English ?

>> Can both you and she speak English ?

5^th Meeting

Conditional Sentence

1.       Type One

To show the possible fact

a.       If simple present, simple future

(+) If S + V_1(s/es), S + will + V₁

(-) Is S + don’t/ doean’t + V₁, S + won’t + V₁

(?) If do/does S + V₁, will + S + V₁

e.g

If she doesn’t go  home early, I will worry her all time

b.      Simple future if simple present

e.g

I will go to the beach, if you come with me

2.       Type Two

To show the impossible fact at present

a.       If simple past, simple past future

(+) if + S + V₂, S + Would + V₁

(-)if + S + didn’t + V₁, S + Wouldn’t + V₁

(?)if  did + + S + V₁, Would + S + V₁ ?

e.g

If you were a flower, I would be your stalk

b.      Simple past future, if simple past

Note : in nominal sentence all subject must use be “were”

e.g

That would be more attractive if the committee gave them that duty.

3.       Type Three

To show the impossible fact at past

a.       If past perfect, past future perfect

(+) If S + had + V₃, S would have + V₃

(-)If S + hadn’t + V₃, S wouldn’t have + V₃

(?)If  had + S + V₃, would + S +have + V₃ ?

e.g

If that class had had enough time to study, I would have tough for long time

b.      Past future if past perfect

e.g

we would have been in Bali yesterday, if the plane hadn’t been delayed.

4.       Type Zero

To show the general fact.

a.       If simple present, simple present

e.g

If we heat the water into one hundred degree, it boils

If you cross the red light, the police gives you ticket

b.      Simple present, If simple present

e.g

The police gives you ticket, If you cross the red light.

6^th Meeting

Compound-Complex Sentence

Made up by 1 independent  clause and two or more dependent clauses.

1.       Adjective Clause

Independent Clause : The woman is old enough

Dependent Clause : She is dancing beautifully

>> The woman who is dancing beautifully is old enough.

2.       Noun Clause

Independent Clause : She asked it

Dependent Clause : How much does it take ?

>> She asked me how much it took ?

3.       Adverbial Clause

Independent Clause : He knows the day

Dependent Clause : Everybody will celebrate it

>> He knows the day when everybody will celebrate.

7^th Meeting

Noun Clause

Clause : Subject + Verb

Noun Clause : Subject or object as sentence or clause

e.g

That I love you all my life is my purpose

I know who she is

That someone has cute face teaches me accounting subject

I know who steal my handphone.